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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
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Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

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The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
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Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

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Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups....
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Erythropoiesis Research - A Simplified Pipeline for Assessing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Erythropoiesis Research - A Simplified Pipeline for Assessing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

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[Pathophysiology of sideroblastic anemia].

Tohru Fujiwara1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine.

[Rinsho Ketsueki] the Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology
|October 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Sideroblastic anemias (SA) involve anemia and ring sideroblasts. This review explores the genetic and acquired causes of SA, including impaired heme and iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Sideroblastic anemias (SA) are a heterogeneous group of disorders defined by anemia and ring sideroblasts in bone marrow.
  • Congenital SA stems from genetic defects impacting heme biosynthesis, iron-sulfur [Fe-S] cluster assembly, and mitochondrial protein synthesis.
  • Acquired SA can result from toxins, alcohol, copper deficiency, or myelodysplastic syndromes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of sideroblastic anemia pathophysiology.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital and acquired forms of SA.
  • To highlight the role of genetic mutations and environmental factors in SA development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on sideroblastic anemias.
Keywords:
Gene mutationHemeRing sideroblastSideroblastic anemia

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  • Analysis of genetic mutations affecting heme and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis.
  • Examination of factors contributing to secondary and idiopathic SA.

    • Main Results:

    • X-linked sideroblastic anemia, caused by ALAS2 gene mutations, is the most common congenital form.
    • Impaired heme and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis are central to SA pathophysiology.
    • Secondary and idiopathic SA are frequently linked to external factors or myelodysplastic syndromes.

    Conclusions:

    • SA pathophysiology is complex, involving disruptions in essential cellular processes.
    • Understanding these pathways is crucial for diagnosing and potentially treating SA.
    • Further research into SA mechanisms may reveal new therapeutic targets.