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How Do Australians Manage Diagnostic Testing Risks? Focus Groups Linked to a Model of Behaviour Change.

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Lay Australians perceive themselves as capable negotiators of diagnostic testing risks, but their understanding is influenced by health professionals and personal experiences. Improving risk communication is crucial for informed decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Communication
  • Behavioral Science
  • Medical Decision Making

Background:

  • Effective communication about diagnostic test risks is essential for informed decision-making by the public.
  • Understanding laypeople's perceptions of testing risks is crucial for developing targeted communication strategies.
  • Previous research has limited insight into how individuals understand and manage diagnostic testing risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore lay Australians' perceptions of diagnostic testing risks.
  • To investigate how individuals negotiate and manage these risks in practice.
  • To identify factors influencing risk perception and decision-making regarding diagnostic tests.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 12 semistructured online focus groups with 61 Australian adults (aged 18+).
  • Explored attitudes towards diagnostic tests, their associated risks, and risk management strategies using hypothetical scenarios.
  • Analyzed themes, subanalyzed for age and gender differences, and mapped findings to the COM-B model of behavior change.

Main Results:

  • Identified six themes detailing how participants felt empowered but acknowledged influences from health workers, personal experiences, and structural factors.
  • The COM-B model highlighted opportunities for health promotion and identified barriers like narrow risk concepts and overestimation of personal influence.
  • Age and gender differences in risk negotiation and management were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide a novel, detailed account of lay beliefs about testing risks, linked to a behavior change model.
  • This research directly informs the development of improved risk/benefit communication for diagnostic tests.
  • Insights will shape patient-centered decision tools for medical testing.