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Altered Brain Structure in Hemifacial Spasm Patients: A Multimodal Brain Structure Study.

Qingyang Yu1,2, Yuanyuan Cui1, Shuwen Dong1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.

International Journal of General Medicine
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Brain imaging reveals structural changes in hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients. Reduced gray matter volume in the thalamus and altered white matter integrity in the superior longitudinal fasciculus correlate with HFS severity.

Keywords:
Cohn gradingdiffusion tensor imaginghemifacial spasmtract-based spatial statisticsvoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary facial muscle contractions.
  • The underlying brain structural alterations in HFS are not fully understood, making it a subject of ongoing research.
  • This study aims to investigate microstructural brain changes associated with HFS and their clinical relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate alterations in brain microstructure in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS).
  • To correlate observed brain changes with clinical characteristics, such as disease duration and severity.
  • To identify potential neuroimaging biomarkers for HFS.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-two participants underwent T1-weighted structural and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using 3.0T MRI.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess gray matter volume (GMV) changes.
  • Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were utilized to analyze white matter (WM) integrity, specifically fractional anisotropy (FA).
  • The Cohn scale was used to grade the severity of hemifacial spasms.

Main Results:

  • VBM analysis indicated significantly reduced GMV in the left thalamus and increased GMV in the right cerebellum (lobule IV-V) in the HFS group.
  • TBSS analysis revealed significantly increased FA in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in HFS patients.
  • GMV in the thalamus negatively correlated with disease duration and Cohn grade.
  • FA in the left SLF positively correlated with disease duration and Cohn grade.

Conclusions:

  • Hemifacial spasm is associated with specific alterations in gray matter volume and white matter integrity.
  • Reduced thalamic GMV and increased FA in the left SLF are key findings in HFS patients.
  • FA in the left SLF shows potential as a significant neural indicator for hemifacial spasm severity and duration.