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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • The iodate reductase (Idr) gene cluster (idrABP) is known for bacterial iodate (IO3-) respiration in anaerobic environments.
  • The function of idr genes in aerobic bacteria is not well understood, despite their presence in both aerobic and anaerobic species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of marine aerobic bacteria possessing putative idr gene clusters to reduce iodate to iodide (I-).
  • To determine the influence of oxygen availability and iodate concentration on this reduction process.
  • To examine the transcriptional regulation of idr genes in response to iodate exposure in marine aerobic bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation of three marine aerobic bacteria (Roseovarius azorensis, Notoacmeibacter marinus, and Aliirseovarius sediminilitoris) with iodate under static and shaking conditions.
  • Analysis of iodate reduction by washed cell suspensions of R. azorensis.
  • Transcriptional analysis (qRT-PCR) of idrA, idrB, idrP, and idrP gene expression in R. azorensis.

Main Results:

  • All tested bacteria significantly reduced 2 mM iodate under static (oxygen-limited) conditions, but showed limited reduction (0.1-0.5 mM) under shaking (aerobic) conditions.
  • Iodate reduction by R. azorensis was dependent on prior growth in the presence of iodate under static conditions.
  • Expression of idrA, idrB, idrP, and idrP genes was upregulated in R. azorensis grown statically with iodate, with idrA showing a 14-fold increase upon induction by 0.1 μM iodate.

Conclusions:

  • Marine aerobic bacteria can reduce iodate to iodide, primarily under oxygen-limited conditions, and this capability is induced by environmentally relevant iodate concentrations.
  • These findings suggest a significant role for marine aerobic bacteria in iodide production in surface waters.
  • This bacterial activity contributes to the global iodine cycle and influences atmospheric ozone levels.