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Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as an Accurate Forensic Tool for Bone Classification and Individual

Jafet Cárdenas-Escudero1,2, David Galán-Madruga3, Jorge O Cáceres1

  • 1Laser Chemistry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Applied Spectroscopy
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and AI algorithms accurately reassign commingled bone remains. This fast, cost-effective method uses bone chemistry as a unique identifier, outperforming other techniques.

Keywords:
Bone analysisLIBSbone classificationforensic applicationsindividual bone reassignmentlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomolecular Analysis

Background:

  • Bone elemental composition serves as a unique individual identifier.
  • Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides elemental fingerprints of samples.
  • Individual reassignment of commingled bone remains is a significant forensic challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of LIBS combined with supervised classification for individual bone reassignment.
  • To evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness of LIBS for forensic identification.
  • To compare LIBS performance against other analytical techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Direct ablation of micrometric bone sample portions using LIBS.
  • Analysis of elemental emission spectra for individual identification.
  • Application of seven supervised classification methods, including AI algorithms, to LIBS data.

Main Results:

  • AI-based algorithms achieved 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness in individual bone reassociations.
  • LIBS demonstrated superior performance compared to other techniques in terms of accuracy and reliability.
  • LIBS offers a fast, simple, and cost-effective approach without complex sample preparation.

Conclusions:

  • LIBS, coupled with AI-driven classification, is a highly effective method for the individual reassignment of commingled bone remains.
  • The technique leverages unique bone elemental composition for reliable forensic identification.
  • LIBS presents a promising advancement in forensic anthropology and identification science.