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Recent advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape: a comprehensive overview of technologies and trials

Tristan W Clark1, John S Tregoning2, Helen Lister3

  • 1School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|October 3, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Influenza virus infections in the UK have returned to pre-pandemic levels, increasing healthcare demands. Advances in influenza vaccines, including mRNA and universal types, offer new protection strategies for vulnerable populations.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Influenza virus infections in the UK (2022/23) have resurged to pre-pandemic levels.
  • This resurgence places a significant burden on the National Health Service (NHS) due to increased healthcare utilization and hospitalizations.
  • Specific demographics, including young children (≤4 years), older adults (≥65 years), and individuals with pre-existing conditions, face the highest risk of severe outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging influenza virus vaccine technologies.
  • To highlight advancements in vaccine development, such as mRNA and universal influenza vaccines.
  • To discuss the potential of these new technologies to mitigate the burden of influenza in the UK and globally.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of influenza vaccine technologies.
  • Analysis of current influenza vaccine landscape in the UK and worldwide.
  • Exploration of vaccine technologies under development, including mRNA and universal vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Influenza activity has returned to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels in the UK.
  • Certain age groups and individuals with underlying health conditions are disproportionately affected by influenza-related hospitalizations.
  • Novel vaccine technologies, including mRNA and universal vaccines, are in development to enhance protection.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in influenza vaccine technology are crucial for managing the ongoing public health challenge posed by influenza.
  • New vaccine approaches, like mRNA and universal vaccines, hold promise for broader and improved protection against influenza virus.
  • Continued innovation in vaccination is essential to protect all populations, especially the most vulnerable, from influenza's substantial health impact.

Keywords:
LAIVadjuvantedinactivatedinfluenza viruslive attenuatedpreventionrecombinantvaccine efficacyvaccine safetyvaccine technologies

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