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Updated: May 5, 2026

Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
Published on: May 23, 2021
Diagnosis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Spondyloarthritis
Katherine Falloon1, Michael Forney2, M Elaine Husni3
1Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Abstract:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated spondyloarthritis (SpA) is common but remains poorly understood. In this review article, we aimed to provide guidance regarding the diagnosis and management of this condition. For diagnosis of IBD-associated peripheral SpA (IBD-pSpA), we recommend collaboration with rheumatology for incorporation of clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, joint imaging if applicable, and available diagnostic criteria. For the management of IBD-pSpA, we first recommend assessment and treatment of underlying luminal IBD disease activity. We provide guidance regarding positioning of advanced therapies for IBD in patients with IBD-pSpA based on the limited available literature. For diagnosis of IBD-associated axial SpA, we recommend rheumatology referral to make the diagnosis based on incorporation of symptoms, laboratory data, imaging findings (sacroiliitis), and available diagnostic criteria. For the management of axial SpA, we recommend comanagement with rheumatology and use of either antitumor necrosis factor agents or Janus kinase inhibitors, when applicable.
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