A successful outcome in four puppies sustained swimmer puppy syndrome

Swimmer puppy syndrome (SPS) is a rare condition that affects neonatal animals. The affected puppies are unable to stand, remain in sternal recumbency with their legs splayed laterally and ambulate with typical swimmer-like movements. This study reports the clinical findings and discusses the treatments and outcomes in four puppies of various breeds with clinical signs of SPS. Previous medical records of the animals were reviewed for history, clinical features, radiographic findings and choice of treatment. Treatment follow-up was evaluated at 15, 30, 45 days and 6 months. In three puppies all limbs were affected. In one case only the forelimbs were affected, while the hind limbs remained normal. Clinical, orthopaedic and neurological examinations, routine laboratory findings and tidal breathing flow-volume loop measurements were normal. Concurrent problems occurred in two animals and included slightly deformed chest and ventrodorsal flattening of the thorax with a slight right displacement of the heart. For the management of SPS, chest and hobble bandages were used, as well as physiotherapy and environmental management. Three puppies recovered completely after 45 days of treatment. In one case the therapy was discontinued after 2 weeks. In this case, the puppy could stand, but mild abduction of the forelimbs and lameness were obvious after 6 months. Intensive physiotherapy contributed to positive outcomes even in older puppies. Also, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of tidal breathing flow-volume loop measurement for dogs with pectus excavatum.