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Bimanual Arm Trainer Versus Traditional Occupational Therapy Services in Upper Extremity Function.

Patricia Danz1, Kacy Wesselman2, Teresina Bradbury-Faulkner3

  • 1Patricia Danz, MS, OTR/L, CSRP, is Clinical Specialist and Occupational Therapist, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; phallbe1@jh.edu.

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
|October 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

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The Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT) showed similar upper extremity (UE) functional improvements in stroke patients compared to traditional occupational therapy. Further research is needed to explore its long-term benefits and effectiveness with varied protocols.

Area of Science:

  • Neurorehabilitation
  • Occupational Therapy
  • Stroke Recovery

Background:

  • Upper extremity (UE) dysfunction post-stroke significantly impairs self-care and functional independence.
  • Effective interventions are crucial for improving UE function in stroke survivors.
  • The Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT) is a novel device for potential UE rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT) compared to traditional occupational therapy for improving UE function in acute ischemic stroke patients.
  • To assess changes in UE motor recovery and function using standardized outcome measures.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical trial with a two-group, nonrandomized repeated-measures design was conducted in an inpatient rehabilitation setting.

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  • Twenty-seven participants with ischemic stroke and limited UE function (Action Research Arm Test score ≤17) were included.
  • The intervention group received a minimum of three 10-minute sessions on the BAT, in addition to traditional therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Both the BAT intervention and control groups demonstrated significant improvements in UE function (Action Research Arm Test scores) from evaluation to discharge (p = .02).
    • No statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding the main effect of group or the Time × Group interaction (p = .63).
    • The intervention group showed significant improvement in Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery after Stroke (FMA-UE) scores (p < .001); FMA-UE data for the control group were unavailable.

    Conclusions:

    • The Bimanual Arm Trainer (BAT) resulted in comparable improvements in UE function to traditional occupational therapy in acute stroke patients.
    • The findings suggest that BAT can be integrated into occupational therapy to achieve similar functional gains as conventional methods.
    • Further research is recommended to investigate varied BAT programs, different outcome measures, and longer-term effects.