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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Alcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
1Hepatology, Liver Transplant, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, S-357, San Francisco, CA 94112, USA.
Abstract:
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) poses a significant risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), comprising various liver conditions from steatosis to cirrhosis. Despite accounting for a third of global HCC cases and deaths, ALD-related HCC lacks characterization compared to viral hepatitis-related HCC. Proposed mechanisms for ALD-related HCC include acetaldehyde toxicity, increased reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. This review examines ALD-associated HCC epidemiology, co-factors like viral hepatitis and metabolic syndrome, surveillance, and treatment challenges. Despite advances in screening and management, ALD-related HCC often presents at advanced stages, limiting treatment options and survival.
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