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Thyroid hormones in the human pregnancy.

A Tolino, B de Conciliis, U Montemagno

    Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals a T3-selective defect during labor and in EPH gestosis pregnancies, inhibiting T4 to T3 conversion but not T4 to rT3. This results in low triiodothyronine (T3) and free T3 (FT3) with elevated reverse T3 (rT3).

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Perinatal Care

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormone levels undergo significant physiological changes during pregnancy.
    • Gestosis EPH (edema, proteinuria, hypertension) is a pregnancy complication affecting maternal and fetal health.
    • Understanding thyroid hormone dynamics is crucial for managing pregnancy complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate thyroid hormone profiles (T3, T4, FT3, FT4, rT3) in pregnant women.
    • To examine alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism during labor and in EPH gestosis.
    • To identify potential thyroid hormone conversion defects during specific pregnancy stages and complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Radio-immunologic assays were used to measure T3, T4, FT3, FT4, rT3, TBG, and 17 beta-estradiol.
    • Measurements were taken in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, during labor, and in the early puerperium.
    • A cohort of women with EPH gestosis was included for comparative analysis.

    Main Results:

    • A T3-selective defect (low T3 syndrome) was observed during labor and in EPH gestosis.
    • This defect involves inhibited conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3).
    • Conversion of T4 to reverse T3 (rT3) remained operative, leading to low T3/FT3, normal T4, normal/high FT4, and high rT3.

    Conclusions:

    • Pregnancy labor and EPH gestosis are associated with impaired T4 to T3 conversion.
    • The observed "low T3 syndrome" highlights a specific metabolic adaptation or dysfunction.
    • These findings have implications for understanding thyroid hormone regulation in high-risk pregnancies.

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