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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Cancer is a complex disease driven by genetic and non-genetic factors.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming is a newly recognized hallmark of cancer.
  • Epigenetics plays a critical role in cancer initiation, progression, and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the epigenetic hallmarks in human cancer.
  • To elucidate the pathways and genes involved in epigenetic alterations in cancer.
  • To dissect the disrupted epigenetic landscapes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on epigenetic alterations in cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular pathways affected by epigenetic changes.
  • Examination of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin architecture disruptions.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic reprogramming is a key factor in the tumoral phenotype.
  • Disrupted epigenetic landscapes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are characteristic of cancer.
  • Epigenetic plasticity enables cancer cells to adapt and survive.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic changes are fundamental to cancer's evolution and survival.
  • Understanding epigenetic hallmarks is vital for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • This review highlights the significance of epigenetics in defining cancer's ecological success.