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Lithium-induced cognitive dysfunction assessed over 1-year hospitalisation: A case report
Yuji Murase1, Masaki Kato1, Toshihiko Kinoshita1
1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
Summary
Lithium overdose can cause irreversible neurotoxicity, known as SILENT, leading to severe cognitive decline. This case highlights the persistent cognitive deficits and the importance of preventing lithium-induced neurotoxicity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Toxicology
Background:
- Lithium is a common treatment for bipolar disorder, but can cause neurotoxicity.
- Syndrome of Irreversible Lithium-Effectuated Neurotoxicity (SILENT) is a rare but severe complication.
- Limited data exists on the long-term cognitive effects of SILENT.
Observation:
- A 52-year-old male with bipolar disorder experienced lithium overdose.
- Following initial recovery, the patient exhibited persistent motor and cognitive impairments.
- Neuropsychological testing revealed a worsening cognitive trend and mild intellectual disability.
Findings:
- The patient was diagnosed with SILENT due to persistent neurological deficits.
- Cognitive function showed minimal recovery over a 1-year period despite treatment.
- This case underscores the potential for irreversible cognitive damage from lithium toxicity.
Implications:
- SILENT poses a significant challenge due to the lack of definitive treatment.
- Preventing lithium overdose and monitoring for neurotoxicity are crucial.
- Further research is needed to understand and manage SILENT's long-term cognitive sequelae.
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