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Changes in memory and cognition during the SARS-CoV-2 human challenge study.

William Trender¹, Peter J Hellyer², Ben Killingley³

¹Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.

Eclinicalmedicine

|October 4, 2024

Summary

Mild COVID-19 infection can cause lasting cognitive and memory deficits for up to a year. This study in healthy volunteers reveals subtle but persistent changes in brain function following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:

Baseline corrected COVID-19 Cognition Human challenge study SARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Previous studies suggest a link between COVID-19 and persistent cognitive issues.
However, the causes, duration, and specific cognitive domains affected remain unclear due to various influencing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively investigate the cognitive effects of Wildtype SARS-CoV-2 infection in a controlled setting.
To determine the longevity of any cognitive changes in young, healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

Thirty-four healthy, seronegative volunteers were inoculated with Wildtype SARS-CoV-2.
Cognitive performance was assessed using computerized tasks at multiple time points up to 360 days post-inoculation.
Statistical modeling compared cognitive outcomes between infected and uninfected participants.

Main Results:

Eighteen volunteers developed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Infected volunteers exhibited significantly lower global cognitive composite scores compared to uninfected controls, persisting for up to one year.
Memory and executive function tasks showed the most pronounced differences between groups.

Conclusions:

Mild Wildtype SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to subtle, persistent cognitive and memory impairments lasting at least one year.
The underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of these cognitive changes require further investigation.