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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Mouse aversion to induction with isoflurane using the drop method.

Maya J Bodnar1, I Joanna Makowska, Courtney T Boyd1

  • 1UBC Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Laboratory Animals
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isoflurane anesthesia using the drop method can be aversive to mice. Concentrations between 1.7% and 2.7% minimize aversion during induction, improving animal welfare in research settings.

Keywords:
Euthanasiaconditioned place aversiondrop methodisofluranemicerefinewelfare

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Laboratory Animal Science
  • Animal Welfare

Background:

  • Isoflurane anesthesia is a recommended refinement for CO2 euthanasia.
  • The drop method is an alternative for facilities without vaporizers.
  • Determining the least aversive isoflurane concentration for induction is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the aversion of mice to lower isoflurane concentrations (1.7%-3.7%) administered via the drop method.
  • To identify optimal isoflurane concentrations that minimize aversion during anesthetic induction.

Main Methods:

  • A conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm was employed.
  • Female C57BL/6J (OT-1) mice were exposed to 1.7%, 2.7%, or 3.7% isoflurane via the drop method.
  • Preference for a dark chamber (associated with isoflurane) was assessed before and after conditioning.

Main Results:

  • Aversion increased with higher isoflurane concentrations.
  • Mean CPA scores decreased significantly with increasing concentrations: 19.6s (1.7%), -25.6s (2.7%), and -116.9s (3.7%).
  • Statistical significance was observed (F(1,54)=15.4, p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Isoflurane concentrations between 1.7% and 2.7% minimize aversion in female mice when using the drop method for induction.
  • These findings support refined anesthetic protocols to enhance laboratory animal welfare.