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Related Concept Videos

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Isolation and Characterization of a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subpopulation Having Stem Cell Characteristics
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CD44: a stemness driver, regulator, and marker-all in one?

Steffen J Sonnentag1, Nagwa S M Ibrahim1, Veronique Orian-Rousseau1

  • 1Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer stem cells drive tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in blood and solid cancers. CD44, a key stem cell marker, plays a vital role in maintaining stemness and drug resistance, linking its function to tumor progression and metastasis.

Keywords:
CXCR4acute myelogenous leukemiaadhesion receptorsadult stem cellsbone marrowcancercolorectal stem cells

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance.
  • Minimal residual disease, a population of cells with stemness properties, contributes to treatment failure in leukemias and colorectal cancer.
  • The CSC concept, initially controversial, has gained traction with evidence from both hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and evolution of the cancer stem cell concept.
  • To highlight the role of CD44 as a stem cell marker in various cancers.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which CD44 contributes to stemness, drug resistance, and tumor metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cancer stem cell research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating CD44 expression and function in blood and solid cancers.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms underlying CD44's role in stemness and drug resistance.

Main Results:

  • CD44 is identified as a crucial stem cell marker in both blood cancers and solid tumors, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Newly discovered molecular functions of CD44 confirm its role in stemness, stem cell maintenance, and acquired drug resistance.
  • Evidence links CD44 isoforms to specific stages of tumor growth and metastatic processes.

Conclusions:

  • CD44 is a significant molecular player in cancer stem cell biology.
  • Understanding CD44's functions offers potential therapeutic targets for overcoming drug resistance and metastasis.
  • The study reinforces the importance of cancer stem cells in understanding and treating diverse malignancies.