A Chronic Hepatitis B Identification and Surveillance Program Improves Care in an Integrated Health Plan

Optimal management of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) requires surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identification of antiviral therapy candidates, but few dedicated CHB surveillance models have been described. Kaiser Permanente Northern California developed a systematic CHB surveillance and management program in 2012. We report the results of the program's performance over the initial 8-year period.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with CHB meeting guideline criteria for HCC surveillance. Eligible patients were invited into the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Liver Care Program (LCP), wherein patients receive reminders to obtain semiannual laboratory and imaging surveillance, which are reviewed by nurse practitioners. Treatment-eligible patients are provided with antiviral medications.

Since its inception, 14,630 patients met study criteria, and 9,373 (64.1%) enrolled in the LCP. Adherence to imaging recommendations was higher in the LCP-managed group (41.5% of patients in the LCP received ≥80% of recommended imaging compared with 10.9% among patients not enrolled [risk ratio = 3.8; P < 0.001]). Approximately 63% of treatment-eligible patients in both groups received medication, although full-adherence rates were higher in patients managed in the LCP (72.3% vs 63.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). Among the 197 patients who developed HCC, recommended surveillance imaging was performed more frequently among LCP-managed patients (71.4% vs 53.8%, respectively, P < 0.05) who were also significantly more likely to be diagnosed at Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A (95.9% vs 74.6%; P < 0.001).

In this integrated healthcare system, a systematic program for surveilling and managing patients with CHB seemed beneficial for both process and clinical endpoints.