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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

4.7K
The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

7
Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

9.8K
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
5
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

6.0K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
6.0K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.0K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
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Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

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The role of structure in regulatory RNA elements.

Jan-Niklas Tants1, Andreas Schlundt1,2

  • 1Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomolecular Resonance Center (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.

Bioscience Reports
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how RNA structure influences protein binding and function, impacting diseases and drug development. Understanding RNA conformational dynamics is key to deciphering biological processes and targeting RNA structures for therapeutic interventions.

Keywords:
RNA conformersRNA structureRNA-binding proteinscis-regulatory elementsdynamicsstem-loop

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Regulatory RNA elements control gene expression and viral replication through interactions with RNA-binding proteins.
  • RNA structural plasticity is crucial for the specificity of protein-RNA complex (RNP) formation.
  • Misfolded RNA structures and altered conformational dynamics are implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structured eukaryotic and viral RNA cis elements.
  • To discuss the impact of RNA structural equilibria on RNP formation.
  • To highlight RNA structure's role in disease and explore structure-based drug targeting strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of structured RNA cis elements.
  • Analysis of RNA conformational transitions and their functional consequences.
  • Summary of methodologies for RNA structure determination.

Main Results:

  • RNA cis elements exhibit diverse structures essential for their regulatory functions.
  • RNA structural dynamics significantly affect RNP complex formation and stability.
  • Alterations in RNA structure are linked to disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Deciphering RNA structure and dynamics is vital for understanding biological regulation and disease mechanisms.
  • RNA structure-based approaches offer promising avenues for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Advancements in structural biology methodologies are crucial for in-depth RNA analysis.