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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

469
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Empathy02:34

Empathy

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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

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Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Optimizing Photoneuromodulation Techniques to Evaluate the Role of Green Light-Emitting Diodes in Pain Management
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Published on: March 28, 2025

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Empathic pain: Underlying neural mechanism.

Ming-Ming Zhang1, Tao Chen1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Empathic pain, feeling others' pain, is crucial for prosocial behavior. This review explores its neural mechanisms, including brain regions and pathways, using both human and animal models.

Keywords:
brainemotionempathic painsensationsynapse

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Comparative Psychology

Background:

  • Empathy, the ability to perceive others' emotions, drives prosocial behavior and is vital for social development.
  • Empathic pain, feeling another's pain, is a key aspect of empathy research, historically focused on human neuroimaging.
  • Recent studies increasingly utilize animal models to investigate the neural basis of empathic pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of the neural mechanisms underlying empathic pain.
  • To outline key brain regions, neural pathways, synaptic mechanisms, and molecules involved in empathic pain.
  • To highlight future research directions in the field of empathic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing human neuroimaging studies on empathic pain.
  • Analysis of recent research employing animal models to explore empathic pain mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings on neural pathways, synaptic processes, and molecular factors.

Main Results:

  • Multiple brain regions and neural networks are implicated in the generation and maintenance of empathic pain.
  • Evidence suggests conserved neural mechanisms for empathic pain across species.
  • Specific pathways and molecular players are being identified, though further research is needed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of empathic pain is essential for comprehending social behavior.
  • Integrating human and animal model findings offers a comprehensive view of empathic pain mechanisms.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating complex neural circuits and molecular signaling involved in empathic pain.