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Related Concept Videos

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If we...
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Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about the...
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

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Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Dissipative Self-Assembly of Patchy Particles under Nonequilibrium Drive: A Computational Study.

Shubhadeep Nag1, Gili Bisker1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

External forces accelerate the self-assembly of patchy particles, enabling faster and more stable nanostructures. This nonequilibrium approach overcomes equilibrium limitations for advanced material design.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Patchy particle self-assembly mimics natural systems for functional nanostructures.
  • Equilibrium assembly has limitations in speed and stability.
  • Nonequilibrium conditions offer potential for enhanced assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dissipative self-assembly of patchy particles under nonequilibrium conditions.
  • To explore the impact of external forces on assembly kinetics and stability.
  • To overcome limitations of equilibrium-based self-assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo (MC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Applied external forces (bond-promoting drive, pulsed square wave potential).
  • Analyzed order parameter, entropy production, bond dynamics, and interparticle forces.

Main Results:

  • External drives significantly accelerated assembly rates and enhanced structural stability.
  • Decreased time to first assembly and increased duration of assembled states observed.
  • Validated findings with simulations of up to 100 patchy particles.

Conclusions:

  • External stimuli are crucial for controlling patchy particle self-assembly kinetics and stability.
  • Nonequilibrium dissipative self-assembly provides a pathway to overcome equilibrium constraints.
  • This research opens avenues for novel nanostructures with diverse applications.