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Related Concept Videos

Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...

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In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films
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Atom-glue stabilized Pt-based intermetallic nanoparticles.

Zhongliang Huang1,2, Yingru Wang3, Jing Xia4

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.

Science Advances
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an "atom glue" strategy to prevent platinum-based nanoparticle aggregation in high-temperature catalysis. This method significantly enhances performance in oxygen reduction reactions and fuel cells, maintaining activity over extended use.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Platinum-based nanoparticles (NPs) are crucial for catalysis but prone to aggregation and sintering under operational conditions.
  • Stabilizing these NPs is essential for maintaining catalytic activity and durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust strategy for stabilizing platinum-cobalt (PtCo) nanoparticles (NPs) at high temperatures.
  • To enhance the catalytic performance of PtCo NPs for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) and fuel cell applications.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction of an "atom glue" concept involving M-N-C materials and Pt-M-N coordination.
  • Testing the strategy's versatility with various metals (Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu) for stabilizing Pt-based NPs.
  • Evaluating the performance of the stabilized NPs in oxygen reduction reactions and fuel cell cycling.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a stable PtCo NP structure under high temperatures using the "atom glue" strategy.
  • Achieved a mass activity (MA) of 2.99 A mgPt-1 for ORR over g-Zn-N-C/PtCo.
  • Maintained 79.3% of the initial MA after 90,000 cycles in a fuel cell, showcasing exceptional durability.

Conclusions:

  • The "atom glue" strategy provides a versatile and effective method for stabilizing Pt-based NPs.
  • This approach significantly enhances catalytic performance and durability for ORR and fuel cells.
  • The findings are expected to stimulate broad interest in stabilizing metal nanoparticles for various applications.