Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

278
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
278
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

329
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
329
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

202
Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
202
Drug Distribution: Overview01:11

Drug Distribution: Overview

146
Drug distribution within the body is a dynamic process involving the movement of a drug in two directions across various compartments: from the bloodstream into tissues (tissue uptake) and from tissues back into the bloodstream (tissue release or redistribution). This process is passive and primarily driven by two variables: the concentration gradient between the bloodstream and the extravascular tissues and the drug's ability to cross the cell membrane.
Initially, the free drug in the...
146
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

386
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
386
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

440
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
440

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TRAF7 in signaling and disease: emerging mechanisms and clinical implications.

Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

The Role of the Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review of Microbial Associations and Therapeutic Implications.

Current microbiology·2025
Same author

Local and Systemic Drug Delivery Using Responsive Microneedles.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Redefining oropharyngeal cancer in the HPV era: integrating precision medicine and immunotherapeutic frontiers.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2025
Same author

Effectiveness of chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes after dental surgery: a quadruple-blind randomized pilot trial.

3 Biotech·2025
Same author

Review of the Role of TRAF7 in Brain Endothelial Integrity and Cerebrovascular Aging.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

2.8K

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS): Recent Advances and Failure Modes.

Mohsen Ghaferi1, Seyed Ebrahim Alavi2, Khanh Phan2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Semnan 9WVR+757, Iran.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer a convenient, noninvasive way to administer medication through the skin. This review explores TDDS efficacy, risks, and failure modes for improved therapeutic development.

Keywords:
critical quality attributesfailure modesmanufacturing issuesquality by designtransdermal drug delivery systemswearable patches

More Related Videos

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

46.3K
A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

25.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

2.8K
Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
18:57

Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers

Published on: October 17, 2013

46.3K
A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

25.2K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), or patches, provide a nonintrusive method for medication administration.
  • TDDS release specific dosages at controlled rates directly into the bloodstream, bypassing oral metabolism.
  • Existing TDDS are used for various medications, with ongoing research into biologic delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on the efficacy of medical TDDS for transdermal drug delivery.
  • To identify potential risks and failure modes in TDDS design and development.
  • To outline strategies for mitigating identified risks to ensure therapeutic quality.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of transdermal drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of TDDS efficacy, including drug release kinetics and bioavailability.
  • Examination of reported failure modes and associated risk factors in TDDS.

Main Results:

  • TDDS demonstrate significant advantages in convenience and reduced invasiveness compared to traditional methods.
  • The review identifies key failure modes, including adhesion issues, drug leakage, and insufficient release rates.
  • Strategies for risk mitigation focus on material selection, formulation optimization, and manufacturing process control.

Conclusions:

  • TDDS represent a promising platform for effective drug delivery, including biologics.
  • Understanding and addressing failure modes is crucial for developing safe and efficacious transdermal therapeutics.
  • Proactive risk management in TDDS design and development is essential for clinical success.