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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing

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Dynamic conformation: Marching toward circular RNA function and application.

Chu-Xiao Liu1, Li Yang2, Ling-Ling Chen3

  • 1Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Molecular Cell
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circular ribonucleic acid) have unique structures impacting their function and stability. Understanding their conformation is key to developing novel circular RNA therapies for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
circular RNAcircular RNA-based platformconformationdecayfunctionimmunogenicity

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs are covalently closed, single-stranded RNA molecules.
  • Their unique circular conformation influences cellular functions and therapeutic potential.
  • Circular RNA conformation differs from linear transcripts, affecting base pairing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how circular RNA conformation impacts RNA turnover and function.
  • To identify factors that modulate circular RNA conformation.
  • To discuss technological challenges and opportunities in studying circular RNA conformation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on circular RNA conformation.
  • Analysis of the relationship between circular RNA structure, stability, and biological activity.
  • Discussion of factors influencing circular RNA conformation, such as RNA sequence and cellular environment.

Main Results:

  • Circular RNA conformation significantly affects its stability and mechanism of action.
  • Specific sequence elements and cellular factors can modulate circular RNA conformation.
  • Understanding conformation is crucial for elucidating circular RNA functions.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating circular RNA conformation is essential for understanding their biological roles.
  • Addressing technological limitations in conformation analysis will advance the field.
  • Knowledge of circular RNA conformation will guide the development of circular RNA-based therapeutics.