Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 11, 2025
10:59
Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
Published on: May 19, 2014
18.3K
Understanding nuclear mRNA export: Survival under stress.
Johanna Franziska Seidler1, Katja Sträßer2
1Institute of Biochemistry, FB08, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Molecular Cell
|October 4, 2024
Summary
Cells selectively export stress-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) during stress by altering nuclear export mechanisms. This review details how mRNA export adapts to stress, blocking bulk export while facilitating crucial stress-response transcripts.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Nuclear messenger RNA (mRNA) export is essential for cellular function and survival.
- Cells modulate mRNA export pathways in response to physiological and stress conditions.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending cellular adaptation and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on nuclear mRNA export mechanisms.
- To explore how cells selectively export stress-specific mRNAs during stress.
- To identify knowledge gaps in stress-induced mRNA export regulation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on nuclear mRNA export.
- Analysis of mechanisms controlling bulk vs. specific mRNA export.
- Synthesis of findings on adaptor protein roles and direct recruitment during stress.
Main Results:
- Under physiological conditions, adaptor proteins mediate mRNA export.
- During stress, bulk mRNA export is inhibited.
- Stress-specific mRNAs are selectively exported, potentially via direct recruitment of export machinery to transcription sites.
Conclusions:
- Nuclear mRNA export pathways are dynamically regulated by cellular stress.
- Selective export of stress mRNAs is a critical survival mechanism.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular details of stress-induced mRNA export.
Related Concept Videos
02:31Nuclear Export of mRNA
7.6K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
7.6K
01:42Nuclear Export
3.6K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
3.6K
01:53RNA Stability
33.3K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
33.3K
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
5.5K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
5.5K
02:27Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
10.6K
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
10.6K
02:22Regulated mRNA Transport
6.3K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.3K