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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Gene Therapy00:59

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
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Gene therapy for chronic pain management.

Yi-Ze Li1, Ru-Rong Ji2

  • 1Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Cell Reports. Medicine
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This summary is machine-generated.

Gene therapies show promise for chronic pain management by targeting difficult molecular pathways. Advances in delivery systems and cell analysis are accelerating their clinical application for pain relief.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Identifying molecular targets for chronic pain has advanced, yet many remain challenging for traditional therapies.
  • Gene therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and RNA interference (RNAi), have been instrumental in discovering and validating novel pain targets.
  • Despite a rise in gene therapy trials, those specifically for pain are infrequent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review gene therapy strategies for pain management.
  • To explore delivery methods targeting sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells.
  • To highlight the clinical potential of gene therapy in pain medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of gene therapy strategies: ASOs, small interfering RNA (siRNA), optogenetics, chemogenetics, and CRISPR.
  • Examination of delivery systems for primary sensory neurons, glia, and chondrocytes.
  • Exploration of emerging gene therapy tools and current clinical trials for pain.

Main Results:

  • Gene therapies offer alternative approaches for previously untargetable pain mechanisms.
  • Various delivery methods are being developed for different cell types involved in pain signaling.
  • Emerging tools and ongoing trials indicate growing potential for gene therapy in pain treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Gene therapy presents a promising avenue for managing chronic pain, addressing limitations of conventional treatments.
  • Advancements in single-cell analysis and delivery technologies are key to realizing gene therapy's potential in pain medicine.
  • Increased focus on pain-related clinical trials is anticipated with further technological development.