The role of JNK signaling pathway in organ fibrosis

Zhouhui Yao1, Yandan Lu2, Pingping Wang2

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Songyang Research Institute of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Songyang, 323400, China.

PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Fibrosis, a damaging tissue repair response, lacks effective treatments. This review explores how the JNK signaling pathway contributes to organ fibrosis, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Fibrosis is a detrimental tissue repair response to injury, leading to organ damage and failure.
  • Current treatments for fibrosis are limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is implicated in various cellular processes and is increasingly linked to fibrotic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of JNK signaling in organ fibrosis.
  • To explore the potential of targeting the JNK pathway for novel anti-fibrotic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating JNK signaling in fibrosis.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways modulated by JNK in fibrotic conditions.

Main Results:

  • JNK signaling pathway regulates inflammation, immune responses, and oxidative stress in fibrosis.
  • Abnormal JNK pathway regulation is strongly associated with the development and progression of organ fibrosis.
  • JNK pathway modulates multiple cellular functions critical to fibrotic processes.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the JNK signaling pathway presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating organ fibrosis.
  • Understanding JNK's role in fibrosis could lead to the development of effective anti-fibrotic drugs.
  • Further research into JNK pathway modulation may offer new hope for patients suffering from fibrotic diseases.

Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
8.7K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
5.3K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.3K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
7.3K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.2K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
3.4K