Exploiting lignin-based nanomaterials for enhanced anticancer therapy: A comprehensive review and future direction

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Oncology

Background:

• Lignin, a renewable biopolymer, possesses unique properties making it suitable for biomedical applications.
• Nanomaterials derived from lignin are being explored for advanced drug delivery systems.
• Anticancer therapy faces challenges in drug efficacy, targeted delivery, and toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in using lignin-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy.
• To explore synthesis methods, anticancer mechanisms, and therapeutic outcomes of lignin nanoparticles.
• To identify future research directions for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on lignin-based nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
• Analysis of synthesis techniques like nanoprecipitation, microemulsion, and solvent exchange.
• Examination of in vitro and in vivo data on drug-loaded lignin nanoparticles.

Main Results:

• Lignin nanoparticles enhance solubility and bioavailability of anticancer drugs (e.g., curcumin, doxorubicin).
• Mechanisms include ROS generation, apoptosis induction, and improved cellular uptake.
• Demonstrated efficacy in suppressing tumor growth and overcoming multidrug resistance.

Conclusions:

• Lignin-based nanomaterials show significant potential for improving anticancer drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes.
• Further research is needed to optimize formulations, targeting, and safety for clinical use.
• This field offers promising avenues for developing novel, sustainable cancer treatments.