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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

9.5K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
9.5K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

14.0K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
14.0K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

46.6K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
46.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

13.4K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature
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Preparation of Carbon Nanosheets at Room Temperature

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Single-crystal hBN Monolayers from Aligned Hexagonal Islands.

Junzhu Li1,2, Abdus Samad1, Yue Yuan1

  • 1Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

Nature Communications
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding a small amount of oxygen to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis controls hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) island shape. This enables scalable production of high-quality, large-area, single-crystal hBN films for advanced electronics.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a crucial two-dimensional insulator for post-silicon electronics.
  • Wafer-scale, high-quality monolayer hBN is vital for semiconductor integration.
  • Current understanding of hBN chemical vapor deposition (CVD) mechanisms is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physical mechanisms governing hBN CVD growth.
  • To explore morphology engineering for scalable hBN synthesis.
  • To understand oxygen's role in hBN island formation.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with controlled oxygen content.
  • Synthesis of single-crystal hBN islands on metal-foil substrates.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for edge structure analysis.

Main Results:

  • Oxygen inclusion effectively modulates the shape of single-crystal hBN islands.
  • Well-aligned hexagonal hBN islands were synthesized by tuning oxygen levels.
  • A continuous, high-quality single-crystal monolayer hBN film was achieved via island merging.

Conclusions:

  • Oxygen plays a critical role in controlling hBN island morphology during CVD.
  • This study provides insights into oxygen-assisted hBN growth mechanisms.
  • The findings pave the way for industrial-scale production of large-area, single-crystal hBN.