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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Distinct Longitudinal Changes in EEG Measures Reflecting Functional Network Disruption in ALS Cognitive Phenotypes.

Marjorie Metzger1, Stefan Dukic2,3, Roisin McMackin2,4

  • 1Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Room 5.43, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland. metzgerm@tcd.ie.

Brain Topography
|October 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Longitudinal EEG studies reveal distinct brain network changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with cognitive or behavioral impairment. These spectral EEG measures track disease progression and can aid in clinical trial stratification for ALS.

Keywords:
Cognitive-behavioural impairmentsFunctional connectivityMotor neuron diseaseNeurodegenerationSource localisationSpectral resting-state EEG

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) primarily affects motor neurons but frequently involves cognitive and behavioral changes in up to 50% of cases.
  • Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) has previously shown motor and cognitive network dysfunction in ALS.
  • The longitudinal progression of these network dysfunctions, particularly those related to cognitive-behavioral changes, requires further investigation for improved ALS care and treatment evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally characterize brain network changes in individuals with ALS using resting-state EEG.
  • To investigate how these network changes differ across ALS phenotypes (cognitive impairment, behavioral impairment, non-impaired).
  • To correlate longitudinal network alterations with cognitive performance, behavioral changes, motor symptoms, and survival.

Main Methods:

  • 124 individuals with ALS underwent 128-channel resting-state EEG recordings.
  • Participants were categorized into cognitive impairment (ALSci), behavioral impairment (ALSbi), or non-impaired (ALSncbi) groups.
  • Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze longitudinal changes in brain networks and their associations with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • A significant decline in theta-band spectral power in the temporal region and increased beta-band power in the fronto-temporal region were observed over time in the overall ALS group.
  • ALSncbi participants showed a widespread decrease in beta-band synchrony.
  • ALSci participants exhibited increased network co-modulation, correlated with verbal fluency decline. Longitudinal network changes were phenotype-specific and associated with disease progression and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Spectral EEG measures can longitudinally track abnormal brain network patterns in ALS.
  • These findings highlight the potential of EEG as a stratification tool for clinical trials and personalized treatment strategies in ALS.
  • Longitudinal EEG analysis provides valuable insights into the progression of non-motor symptoms in ALS.