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Outcomes Associated with Healthcare-Associated Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children's Hospitals

Lisa Saiman1, Susan E Coffin2, Larry K Kociolek3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|October 4, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Healthcare-associated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children significantly increases the risk of needing respiratory support. This finding highlights the importance of infection control to prevent adverse outcomes in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Hospital Epidemiology
  • Respiratory Viral Infections

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in children.
  • Healthcare-associated (HA) infections can lead to prolonged illness and increased healthcare costs.
  • Understanding the specific outcomes of HA-RSV in pediatric populations is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether healthcare-associated respiratory syncytial virus (HA-RSV) infections are linked to poorer clinical outcomes in children compared to community-acquired RSV.
  • To identify specific risk factors and clinical trajectories associated with HA-RSV in a pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter cohort study was conducted.
  • The study included 26 children diagnosed with HA-RSV and 78 matched patients with non-HA-RSV.
  • Patients with two or more comorbidities were analyzed, with 58% in the HA-RSV group and 55% in the non-HA-RSV group.

Main Results:

  • Children with HA-RSV experienced significantly worse outcomes.
  • 39% of HA-RSV patients required respiratory support escalation, compared to 18% of non-HA-RSV patients.
  • The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for respiratory support escalation in HA-RSV patients was 5.1 (95% CI: 1.4, 19.1).

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare-associated RSV infection is an independent risk factor for severe respiratory outcomes in children.
  • Pediatric patients with HA-RSV have a substantially higher likelihood of requiring escalated respiratory support.
  • These findings underscore the need for enhanced infection prevention strategies in healthcare settings to mitigate the impact of RSV.

Keywords:
escalation of respiratory supporthealthcare-associated infectionsrespiratory syncytial virus

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