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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Orthographic character complexity modulates dynamic neural activity in skilled handwriting.

Leisi Pei1, Werner Sommer2,3,4, Guang Ouyang5

  • 1Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|October 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Character complexity in Chinese handwriting affects motor control and brain activity. Increased stroke numbers prolonged writing intervals and altered event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes, particularly in the left motor cortex.

Keywords:
Chinese handwritingEEGERPmotor programmingnaturalistic paradigm

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Handwriting is a complex fine motor skill with incompletely understood neural mechanisms.
  • Continuous handwriting production involves intricate neural processes that are challenging to study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural and behavioral effects of orthographic character complexity during continuous handwriting.
  • To explore the relationship between Chinese character stroke number and motor control signals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) during a naturalistic sentence-handwriting task with 102 adult native Chinese speakers.
  • Analyzed inter-character intervals and event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes.
  • Employed linear mixed models to assess the impact of character complexity and confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Character complexity significantly increased the time taken between writing characters (inter-character interval).
  • Character complexity modulated ERP amplitudes in both pre- and post-onset time windows.
  • A dipole-like activation in the left motor cortex was observed, with amplitude increasing with character complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Character complexity influences both behavioral aspects (writing speed) and neural activity during handwriting.
  • EEG-based analysis of naturalistic handwriting is feasible for studying neurocognitive processes.
  • Findings extend understanding of the dynamic neural patterns underlying handwriting motor control.