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How does NaCl enhance Cd tolerance in Inula crithmoides L? Insights into Cd uptake, compartmentalization, and
Rim Ghabriche1, Emna Fourati1, Gian Attilio Sacchi2
1Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj Cedria, Hammam Lif, 2050, BP 901, Tunis, Tunisia.
Chemosphere
|October 5, 2024
Summary
Sodium chloride (NaCl) reduces cadmium (Cd) toxicity in the halophyte Inula crithmoides by limiting its uptake and translocation. This salt enhances plant biomass and photosynthesis, aiding in the phytoremediation of Cd-polluted saline soils.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Plant Physiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal pollutant.
- Halophytes are plants adapted to saline environments and may possess unique mechanisms for heavy metal tolerance.
- Inula crithmoides is a fast-growing halophyte with potential for phytoremediation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) on cadmium (Cd) uptake, translocation, compartmentalization, and chelation in Inula crithmoides.
- To determine if NaCl can alleviate Cd-induced phytotoxicity in this halophyte.
- To explore the potential of Inula crithmoides for rehabilitating Cd-polluted saline soils.
Main Methods:
- Hydroponic cultivation of Inula crithmoides seedlings.
- Treatment with 25 and 50 μM Cd alone or combined with 100 mM NaCl for 21 days.
- Assessment of plant biomass, photosynthetic activity, Cd concentration, translocation, and compartmentalization in different plant organs and cellular fractions.
- Analysis of Cd chelation with organic acids and anions.
Main Results:
- Cd alone caused chlorosis, necrosis, and reduced biomass.
- NaCl alleviated Cd toxicity, increasing biomass and restoring photosynthesis.
- NaCl reduced Cd concentration in plant organs and translocation to shoots.
- NaCl promoted Cd accumulation in the soluble fraction (vacuole) and increased Cd chelation with chloride and nitrate.
- Succinic acid concentration increased in leaves of salt-treated plants, suggesting a role in Cd chelation.
Conclusions:
- NaCl mitigates Cd phytotoxicity in Inula crithmoides by reducing Cd absorption and translocation, and enhancing Cd fixation to organic acids and altering cellular compartmentalization.
- Inula crithmoides demonstrates potential as a phytoremediation tool for Cd-contaminated saline soils due to its tolerance and the beneficial effects of NaCl.
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