Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Torque

Torque

Torque is an important quantity for describing the dynamics of a rotating rigid body. We see the application of torque in many ways in the world, such as when pressing the accelerator in a car, which causes the engine to apply additional torque on the drivetrain. Here, we define torque and provide a framework to create an equation to calculate torque for a rigid body with fixed-axis rotation.
Torque can be considered as the rotational counterpart to force. Since forces change the translational...

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process,...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Field angle-independent high magnetoresistance and field angle-dependent coercivity in Fe<sub>3</sub>GaTe<sub>2</sub>/Phosphorus all-van der Waals spin valves at room temperature.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Ultra-broadband Tunable Mid-infrared Metallic Plasmonic Antenna for Universal Chiral Recognition.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Charge density wave in a band insulator.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Polarization reversal and ion-electron co-modulation in in-plane anisotropic AgVP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> for multimodal image processing.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Large Temperature-invariant Anomalous Nernst Effect in Non-collinear Antiferromagnet Mn<sub>3</sub>Pt.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Laser-Induced Spin-Lattice Coupling and the Emergence of Ferrimagnetic State in Kagome Metal RbV<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub>.

ACS nano·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Orbital torque switching in perpendicularly magnetized materials.

Yuhe Yang¹, Ping Wang^2,3, Jiali Chen^4,5

¹School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.

Nature Communications

|October 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Zirconium (Zr) demonstrates high orbital torque efficiency for switching magnetic materials. This research highlights Zr

More Related Videos

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Spintronics

Background:

The orbital Hall effect is crucial for developing advanced orbitronic devices.
Investigating efficient methods for magnetic switching is essential for next-generation electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the orbital torque efficiency of zirconium (Zr) as an orbital Hall material.
To demonstrate the switching of perpendicularly magnetized materials using Zr.
To compare Zr's performance with existing materials like CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB and Tungsten (W).

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of orbital torque efficiency in Zr-based heterostructures.
Fabrication of perpendicularly magnetized [Co/Pt]3 and CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB samples.
Measurement of magnetization switching current densities.
Theoretical calculations to understand spin-orbit correlation strength.

Main Results:

Achieved an orbital torque efficiency of approximately 0.78 in Zr/[Co/Pt]3, significantly higher than 0.04 in CoFeB/Gd/CoFeB.
Demonstrated full magnetization switching of [Co/Pt]3 using Zr with a current density of 2.6×10^6 A/cm^2.
Zr outperformed the conventional W spin Hall material in switching efficiency.

Conclusions:

Zr is a highly efficient orbital Hall material for magnetic switching.
The enhanced efficiency is linked to stronger spin-orbit correlation in Zr/[Co/Pt]3.
Findings provide a pathway for developing energy-efficient orbitronic devices.