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Birth Control Methods

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...

Signs of Puberty

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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Published on: October 13, 2018

Contraception options during pubertal transition: Risks, benefits and considerations.

Sylvia Ross¹, Alex Polyakov²

¹BBioMedSci, DipOMG, MbChB, Reproductive Biology Fellow, Reproductive Services Unit, The Royal Women@s Hospital, Melbourne, Vic.

Australian Journal of General Practice

|October 6, 2024

Summary

Adolescent contraception requires tailored approaches due to early puberty. Long-acting reversible contraceptives are most effective, but condoms are crucial for STI prevention, with hormonal methods needing careful consideration of bone health and mood.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats

Published on: October 13, 2018

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

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Published on: September 16, 2021

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Adolescent Medicine
Contraception

Background:

Pubertal maturation is occurring at earlier ages, increasing the need for adolescent contraception.
Legal and developmental considerations complicate contraceptive choices for young people.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide general practitioners with knowledge on contraceptive options for adolescents.
To outline the use and limitations of various contraceptive methods in young populations.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on adolescent contraception.
Analysis of contraceptive efficacy, acceptability, and safety profiles.

Main Results:

Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) demonstrate superior efficacy.
Subdermal implants are highly acceptable for insertion.
Condoms are essential for sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention.
Hormonal contraceptives require monitoring for bone health and mood effects.

Conclusions:

Individualized contraception plans are necessary for adolescents.
Preventing unintended pregnancies is a priority, balancing theoretical risks with practical benefits.
Contraceptive choices should consider efficacy, acceptability, and potential side effects.