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Oral Yeasts Carriage in Prediabetic Smokers and Nonsmokers

  • 0Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
International Dental Journal +

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October 6, 2024

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October 6, 2024

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Prediabetes and smoking significantly increase oral yeasts carriage (OYC). Hyperglycaemia drives OYC in prediabetic smokers, while periodontal inflammation is key in non-diabetic smokers.

Area Of Science

  • Oral microbiology
  • Public health
  • Endocrinology

Background

  • Habitual smoking and prediabetes are independent risk factors for increased oral yeasts carriage (OYC).
  • No prior studies have compared OYC in cigarette smokers and non-smokers with and without prediabetes.
  • This study aimed to address this research gap.

Purpose Of The Study

  • To compare oral yeasts carriage (OYC) in four groups: prediabetic smokers, non-prediabetic smokers, prediabetic non-smokers, and non-prediabetic non-smokers.
  • To investigate the influence of prediabetes and smoking on OYC.
  • To identify factors determining OYC in different participant groups.

Main Methods

  • Ninety-two participants were categorized into four groups based on smoking status and prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%).
  • Data collected included demographics, HbA1c, smoking history (pack-years), oral hygiene, and dental history.
  • Oral yeasts carriage (OYC) was assessed via oral rinse sampling, alongside periodontal examination and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) determination.

Main Results

  • Oral yeasts carriage (OYC) was significantly higher in prediabetic smokers compared to all other groups.
  • Both prediabetic smokers and non-prediabetic smokers exhibited higher OYC than non-smokers.
  • Periodontal parameters (plaque index, attachment loss, probing depth, missing teeth) were worse in smokers and prediabetic non-smokers compared to healthy non-smokers.

Conclusions

  • In prediabetic cigarette smokers, OYC is influenced by hyperglycaemia.
  • In non-diabetic smokers, the severity of periodontal inflammation is the primary determinant of OYC.
  • Both smoking and prediabetes contribute to increased oral yeasts carriage, with distinct underlying mechanisms.

Keywords:

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