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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
41.3K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

23.5K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

23.8K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Hydrogen-Bonded Ionic Co-Crystals for Fast Solid-State Zinc Ion Storage.

Hu Hong1, Yu Wang1, Yaqin Zhang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel hydrogen-bonded ionic co-crystals (HICs) for advanced solid-state devices. These HICs enable fast zinc-ion transport, high conductivity at low temperatures, and improved battery performance.

Keywords:
grain boundarieshydrogen‐bonded ionic co‐crystalssolid‐state electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing solid-state ionic conductors for devices remains challenging.
  • Hydrogen-bonded ionic co-crystals (HICs) offer potential due to flexible skeletons and unique ionic properties.
  • Anion vacancies in HICs can facilitate cation transport channels at grain boundaries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and optimize a HIC for efficient zinc-ion (Zn2+) transport.
  • To investigate the performance of the HIC as a solid electrolyte in energy storage devices.
  • To demonstrate the potential of HICs for low-temperature and high-rate applications.

Main Methods:

  • Optimizing HIC composition by adjusting the ratio of zinc salt and imidazole.
  • Characterizing ionic conductivity at various temperatures (25°C and -40°C).
  • Evaluating performance in zinc symmetric cells, solid-state Zn||covalent organic framework full cells, and zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high ionic conductivity (≈11.2 mS cm-1 at 25°C, ≈2.78 mS cm-1 at -40°C) with low activation energy (≈0.12 eV).
  • Demonstrated suppressed dendrite growth and low overpotential (<200 mV at 5.0 mA cm-2) in Zn symmetric cells.
  • Enabled stable low-temperature operation of solid-state cells and high rate capability in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized HICs can create effective grain boundary-based Zn2+ transport channels.
  • The developed HIC exhibits excellent ionic conductivity, low-temperature performance, and interface compatibility.
  • This work presents a viable strategy for creating facilely prepared, low-cost, and eco-friendly ionic conductors for advanced energy storage.