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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

36.5K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
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Layer-specific BOLD effects in gradient and spin-echo acquisitions in somatosensory cortex.

Zhangyan Yang1,2, Mishra Arabinda1,3, Feng Wang1,3

  • 1Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Spin-echo (SE) BOLD signals offer clearer insights into neural activity than gradient-echo (GE) signals, especially at high magnetic fields. SE signals are less influenced by large vessels, providing more accurate functional MRI data.

Keywords:
gradient and spin echolayer‐specific BOLD effects

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Background:

  • Gradient echo (GE) BOLD signals exhibit varied cortical depth distributions.
  • Understanding vascular geometry's impact on BOLD signals is crucial for interpreting fMRI data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare GE and spin-echo (SE) BOLD signal magnitudes and layer distributions.
  • Investigate somatosensory cortex responses to tactile stimulation and resting state at high field (9.4T).

Main Methods:

  • Used block-design tactile stimulation in squirrel monkeys (Areas 3b and 1).
  • Calculated layer-specific connectivities from resting-state data.
  • Compared signal power spectra and transverse relaxation rate changes with theoretical models.

Main Results:

  • SE signals showed 26% lower percentage signal change and slower time course than GE during stimulation.
  • GE signals decreased with cortical depth, while SE signals remained consistent but weaker in lower layers.
  • GE revealed greater top-layer connectivity between Areas 3b and 1; SE showed minimal changes.

Conclusions:

  • SE BOLD signals at high field are primarily sensitive to microvascular changes linked to neural activity.
  • GE BOLD signals are not solely dominated by large vessels, even in superficial cortical layers.