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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Two Interesting Cases of Thyroid Gland Tuberculosis
Madhu Sowmitha Pachipala1, Senthil Kumar Aiyappan1
1Department of Radiodiagnosis, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chengalpattu, IND.
Cureus
|October 7, 2024
Summary
Thyroid tuberculosis is rare but treatable. Early diagnosis via imaging and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is crucial for effective management, avoiding surgery.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Infectious Diseases
- Oncology
Background:
- Thyroid tuberculosis is an uncommon condition with diverse clinical manifestations, posing diagnostic difficulties.
- It can present as secondary involvement from adjacent lymph nodes or as part of disseminated disease.
Observation:
- Two cases are presented: a pediatric patient with tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy affecting the thyroid and an adult with disseminated tuberculosis involving the thyroid.
- Both patients exhibited neck swelling, prompting evaluation with ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).
Findings:
- Imaging studies revealed characteristic signs of thyroid gland involvement.
- Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and TB-PCR (Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction) confirmed tuberculosis in both cases.
Implications:
- These cases underscore the importance of including thyroid tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic areas.
- Prompt diagnosis through imaging and FNAC facilitates timely medical management with anti-tubercular therapy, potentially preventing surgical intervention.
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