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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Peripheral Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain in Trigeminal Nerve Injury
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Periocular Involvement in Trigeminal Trophic Syndrome.

Sonia Peñarrocha-Oltra1, Alfonso V Perez1, Kaveh Vahdani1

  • 1Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, GBR.

Cureus
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) causes facial ulcers and sensory loss due to trigeminal nerve damage. This uncommon condition often involves self-inflicted skin trauma and can present with periocular changes.

Keywords:
cerebrovascular accidentherpes zosterneuralgianeuropathytrigeminal trophic syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Dermatology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition stemming from trigeminal nerve damage.
  • It manifests as persistent facial ulceration, sensory loss, and paresthesia within the trigeminal nerve's sensory distribution.
  • Ala nasi involvement is a characteristic feature.

Observation:

  • Lesions in TTS arise from repetitive self-inflicted manipulation and trauma to dysesthetic skin.
  • This report presents three cases of TTS, focusing on associated periocular changes.
  • The underlying etiologies in these cases included cerebrovascular accidents and herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Findings:

  • The study highlights the varied presentations of trigeminal trophic syndrome.
  • Periocular involvement is a significant, though not universally reported, feature of TTS.
  • Diverse neurological events can precipitate the syndrome.

Implications:

  • Understanding TTS etiology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Early recognition of facial ulceration and sensory changes can prevent further self-inflicted trauma.
  • This case series broadens the clinical understanding of TTS, including its ophthalmic associations.