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Risk factors and associations with atopic diseases in the pediatric population in Qatar
Samer Hammoudeh1, Prem Chandra1, Ibrahim A Janahi2,3
1Research Affairs, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Insights
Born in Qatar is a risk factor for pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema. Other factors include sex, wheezing history, and eczema for asthma, and age and hay fever for allergic rhinitis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
- Environmental Health
- Public Health in the Middle East
Background:
- Asthma is a prevalent noncommunicable disease with increasing pediatric cases in Qatar.
- Understanding risk factors is crucial for public health strategies.
- Allergic rhinitis and eczema also present significant health concerns in children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate risk factors and associations for pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in Qatar.
- To identify common and distinct risk factors across these three conditions.
- To inform future prevention and management strategies.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study utilizing Global Asthma Network questionnaires.
- Sampled 2646 children (6-7 and 13-14 years) and 3831 parents/guardians.
- Employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Main Results:
- Being born in Qatar emerged as a significant risk factor for all three conditions.
- Asthma risk factors included male sex, wheezing history, and eczema.
- Allergic rhinitis risk factors included older age, wheezing history, and hay fever.
Conclusions:
- Being born in Qatar is a notable risk factor for pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.
- Specific risk factors vary among the conditions, highlighting the need for tailored approaches.
- Further research into these associated and risk factors is essential.
Introduction:
Asthma is a common noncommunicable disease with public health implications due to the rising number of cases among the pediatric population in Qatar.
Aim:
The objective of the current study is to explore possible risk factors and associations in relation to pediatric asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema cases in Qatar.
Methods:
Using the Global Asthma Network questionnaires, this study sampled 2646 children, of which 1210 were aged 6-7 years and 1436 were aged 13-14 years in addition to 3831 adult parents or guardians. The STROBE guidelines were used to ensure the reporting of this cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to produce the odds ratio for the various risk factors and associated factors, respectively. Multiple associations and risk factors for each of the three diseases were reported.
Results:
Based on the outcome of a multivariate logistic regression, being born in Qatar was the only risk factor present across all three diseases. Being male, wheezing ever, wheezing after exercise, and having eczema were other risk factors reported for asthma. Being in the older age group, wheezing ever, and having hay fever were other risk factors reported for allergic rhinitis.
Conclusion:
The study concluded that further evaluation into associated and risk factors for asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema is warranted in the future.
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