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Rubella seroprevalence among unvaccinated school-aged children in Jos, North Central, Nigeria
Hyelshilni Samuel Waziri1, Fatima Giwa2, Adebola Tolulope Olayinka2
1African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria.
Insights
High rubella IgG and IgM antibody prevalence was found in Nigerian children under 10. Older children and those without Western education were more likely to be seropositive, indicating a need for improved rubella vaccination programs.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rubella presents a substantial public health challenge, especially in developing nations, with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) being a preventable concern.
- Understanding rubella seroprevalence is crucial for implementing effective control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the seroprevalence of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies in children aged 10 and under in Jos, Nigeria.
- To identify risk factors associated with rubella seropositivity in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 405 children aged 10 and under in Jos, Nigeria.
- Rubella-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
- Multistage sampling was employed, and data were analyzed using R software.
Main Results:
- A high seroprevalence of rubella IgG antibodies was observed (82.96%).
- A small proportion of participants tested positive for rubella IgM antibodies (2.22%).
- Age (≥ 5 years) and lack of Western education were significantly associated with rubella seropositivity.
Conclusions:
- The study reveals significant rubella IgG and IgM antibody seroprevalence in young children in Jos, Nigeria.
- Factors like older age and limited Western education highlight vulnerabilities.
- Strengthening rubella vaccination programs is essential to prevent congenital rubella syndrome.
Introduction:
rubella poses a significant public health threat, particularly in developing countries, where congenital rubella remains a preventable concern. This cross-sectional study examined rubella seroprevalence among children aged 10 and under from May to September 2016 in Jos, Nigeria.
Methods:
using a multistage sampling method, eligible participants who had not been vaccinated against the rubella virus and consented to participate in the study were recruited across schools in the city. Rubella-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected from eluted serum collected from the participants using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis and visualization was done using the R software version 4.3.1.
Results:
of the 405 participants investigated in this study, 336 (82.96%) tested positive for rubella IgG, while 9 (2.22%) tested positive for rubella IgM. Factors such as age ≥ 5 years and lack of Western education showed significant associations with rubella seropositivity.
Conclusion:
this study highlights the seroprevalence of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies among children aged 10 and under in Jos, Nigeria. The significant associations between rubella seropositivity and factors such as age ≥ 5 years and lack of Western education underscore the necessity for an effective rubella vaccination program to prevent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
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