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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Updated: Jun 11, 2025

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
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Transcriptomic Meta-analysis Identifies Long Non-Coding RNAs Mediating Zika's Oncolytic Impact in Glioblastoma

Youssef A Kousa, Shriya Singh, Allison Horvath

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Zika virus selectively kills glioblastoma (GBM) cells. This study reveals key molecular pathways and long non-coding RNAs involved in Zika

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Transcriptomics

    Background:

    • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with limited treatment options.
    • Zika virus shows potential as an oncolytic agent due to its selective toxicity to GBM cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the molecular signatures of Zika virus infection in GBM and neuroblastoma (NBM) using transcriptomic meta-analysis.
    • To identify key molecular pathways and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in Zika-mediated oncolysis of GBM.

    Main Methods:

    • Transcriptomic meta-analysis of Zika-infected GBM and NBM.
    • Over-representation analysis of dysregulated coding genes.
    • Identification and functional review of dysregulated lncRNAs.
    • Validation of identified targets in adult and pediatric GBM cell lines.

    Main Results:

    • Significant enrichment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), NF-κB, and p53 signaling pathways in Zika-infected GBM.
    • A refined list of consistently dysregulated lncRNAs in Zika-infected GBM was identified.
    • Validated differential regulation of candidate lncRNAs in GBM cell lines, supporting their regulatory role.

    Conclusions:

    • Provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of Zika virus on GBM.
    • Identifies potential therapeutic targets for enhancing Zika-mediated tumor cell death.
    • Highlights Zika virus as a potential adjuvant virotherapy for GBM and related cancers.