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Updated: May 6, 2026

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature

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Published on: November 26, 2019

Liquid crystal-based temperature-controlled recirculating flat jet system.

Marta L Murillo-Sánchez, Natalia Copete-Plazas, Elias Bürkle

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 7, 2024

Summary

A novel temperature-controlled recirculating flat jet system enables stable liquid crystal (LC) experiments. This system overcomes LC degradation issues by using fresh liquid volumes for each laser pulse, ensuring precise mesophase control.

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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Published on: August 18, 2022

Area of Science:

Fluid Dynamics
Materials Science
Experimental Physics

Background:

Laser-based experiments with liquids risk sample degradation due to localized heating.
Substrate-free liquid handling is crucial for high-fluence laser interactions.
Liquid crystals (LCs) present unique challenges due to viscosity, non-Newtonian behavior, and mesophase sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and implement a temperature-controlled recirculating flat jet system for liquid crystal experiments.
To enable precise control over temperature and pressure for stable LC mesophases in an impinging jet setup.
To investigate the influence of fluid properties and system parameters on the stability and dimensions of LC sheets.

Main Methods:

Utilized an impinging two-jet system to create a radial expansion of liquid.
Implemented precise temperature and pressure control to manage LC mesophase and flow.
Systematically varied nozzle diameter, impinging angle, radial distance, and flow rate to characterize fluid behavior.

Main Results:

Demonstrated stable fluid chains of varying sizes and thicknesses using LCs.
Quantified the impact of LC viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior on sheet thickness relative to geometric parameters.
Showed that flow rate primarily dictates the width and length of the generated liquid sheets.

Conclusions:

The developed temperature-controlled impinging jet system successfully accommodates the unique properties of liquid crystals.
Precise control over temperature and pressure is key to maintaining stable LC mesophases in this experimental setup.
The system provides a robust platform for laser-based studies on liquid crystals, overcoming previous limitations of sample degradation.