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A Method for Systematic Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Evaluation of Neural Recording Electrodes

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Parasitic Capacitance in High-Density Neural Electrode Arrays: Sources and Evaluation Methods.

A Ghazavi, P R Troyk, S F Cogan

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering

|October 7, 2024

Summary

Parasitic capacitance in neural electrode arrays can lead to underestimation of charge injection capacity and electrode impedance. Optimizing electrode design and insulation thickness minimizes capacitive leakage for accurate neural recording and stimulation.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Materials Science
Electrical Engineering

Background:

High-density neural electrode arrays are crucial for advanced brain-computer interfaces.
Parasitic capacitance is an inherent challenge in miniaturized electrode designs.
Understanding and quantifying parasitic capacitance is essential for accurate electrochemical measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify sources of parasitic capacitance in high-density neural electrode arrays.
Develop methods to evaluate parasitic capacitance values.
Assess the impact of parasitic capacitance on electrode electrochemical properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltage transient (VT) measurements.
Evaluated a 16-channel ultramicro-sized electrode array (UMEA).
Compared narrow and wide trace array designs for 20-µm diameter electrodes.

Main Results:

Capacitive leakage caused a 34% underestimation of charge injection capacity during current pulsing.
Electrode impedance was underestimated by capacitive leakage at frequencies above 1.5 kHz during EIS.
Capacitive leakage during cyclic voltammetry (CV) was not significant.

Conclusions:

Electrode design and insulation thickness significantly influence capacitive leakage.
Minimizing capacitive leakage is critical for accurate electrochemical characterization of neural electrodes.
Accurate assessment of parasitic capacitance improves electrode impedance and stimulation threshold estimations.