Engineering Fano resonances in plasmonic metasurfaces for colorimetric sensing and structural colors

In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of a plasmonic metasurface based on titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanowire arrays integrated with plasmonic layers. The structure is engineered to produce Fano resonances within the visible spectrum, resulting from the coupling of localized surface plasmon resonances, lattice modes, and nanowire's optical modes. Experimentally, we show that by tuning the geometrical features of the metasurface, such as the length, diameter, and period of the nanowires, a high-quality factor single peak can be achieved in the reflection spectra, resulting in vivid structural colors in bright field. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such vivid colors with nanowire arrays in bright field reflections. When characterized by refractive index fluids around the refractive index of water, the plasmonic metasurface also showed great potential for biochemical colorimetric sensing. The best design demonstrated a bulk sensitivity of 183 nm/RIU with high Q resonance features and linear changes in color values using image processing.