Toxicity of coumarins in plant defense against pathogens
Madiha Zaynab1, Jallat Khan2, Rashid Al-Yahyai3
1Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Coumarins are a specific type of secondary metabolite that can be found in many plants. These compounds are predominantly produced through the phenylpropanoid pathway. Coumarins have been proven to possess a range of biological activities, including antimicrobial properties and antioxidant functions that aid in plant disease resistance response. The antimicrobial effect of coumarins is achieved through various mechanisms. They disrupt the cell membranes of pathogens, inhibit enzymatic activity, and hinder nucleic acid synthesis. Additionally, coumarins stimulate plant defense responses by triggering the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the expression of immunity-related genes and signaling pathways such as the salicylic acid-dependent pathway. Due to their crucial role in defense mechanisms, coumarins can be effectively used in sustainable agriculture practices that emphasize environmentally friendly integrated pest management strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of the biosynthetic pathways, mode of action, and application of coumarins in plant defense, this review aims to highlight the potential importance of coumarins in developing safe and sustainable crop protection strategies.
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