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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2025

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Nutritional quality regulates postnatal wing morph in pea aphids.

Xi Wang1, Zhi-Fu Liu1, Ming-Zhen Pan1

  • 1Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.

Journal of Insect Physiology
|October 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) can change wing development after birth based on diet. Sugars, likely via insulin signaling, influence this postnatal wing determination, not amino acids or TOR signaling.

Keywords:
Acyrthosiphon pisumGlucoseInsulinNutritional qualityTORWing dimorphism

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Area of Science:

  • * Insect biology
  • * Developmental plasticity
  • * Nutrient signaling pathways

Background:

  • * Aphids exhibit phenotypic plasticity, producing winged or wingless offspring in response to environmental cues.
  • * Host plant nutrition is a known factor influencing aphid wing morph determination.
  • * Understanding the mechanisms of this plasticity is crucial for aphid population dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the role of diet composition in postnatal wing morph determination in pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum).
  • * To explore the involvement of nutrient-sensing pathways, specifically insulin and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, in regulating wing development.
  • * To identify key nutritional factors responsible for diet-induced wing plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • * Comparison of wing morph proportions in pea aphids reared on host plants versus artificial diets.
  • * Analysis of key nutrient levels (glucose, amino acids) and signaling pathway activity (insulin, TOR) in aphids under different dietary conditions.
  • * Experimental manipulation of diet components and signaling pathway inhibitors (rapamycin) to assess their impact on wing development.

Main Results:

  • * Pea aphids produced significantly more winged offspring on an artificial diet compared to host plants.
  • * Postnatal transfer to artificial diet induced wing development, indicating developmental flexibility.
  • * Higher glucose levels and insulin signaling were observed on the artificial diet, while amino acid levels and TOR signaling were lower.
  • * Dietary sugar content, not amino acid levels or TOR activity, correlated with increased winged morph production.

Conclusions:

  • * Nutritional quality, particularly sugar content, plays a critical role in regulating postnatal wing morph determination in pea aphids.
  • * The insulin signaling pathway is implicated as a key mediator of diet-induced wing plasticity.
  • * These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying environmental influence on insect development and adaptation.