Communicating blood test results in primary care: a mixed-methods systematic review

Online records access, including test results, was rolled out as part of changes to the GP contract in England in 2023. Blood test result communication is important for patient-centred care, patient safety, and primary care workload. Evidence is needed to ensure that test results are communicated safely and efficiently to patients in primary care.

To summarise existing evidence for blood test result communication between primary care providers and their patients and carers.

A mixed-methods systematic review was undertaken.

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2013-September 2023. Qualitative or quantitative studies that provided information on the communication of blood test results by primary care staff to adult patients and carers were eligible for inclusion.

There were 71 included studies, including 10 experimental studies and no randomised controlled trials. Study quality was mostly poor and risk of bias was high, partly owing to a lack of reported information. The studies found that patients want more information about their blood test results, particularly in terms of 'what next', and prefer results to be provided quickly. Electronic methods, such as online access or text messages, were generally well accepted but not by everyone, and not for all results. Clinicians' opinions were mixed as to whether online direct release of test results to patients was beneficial or could cause problems, such as increased patient anxiety and increased workload.

A range of evidence has been identified on patient and clinician preferences, and barriers and facilitators to test communication, which is particularly important in the current NHS context of a move towards patient online access.