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Gender differences in the observation of gesture direction: a physiological study.

Fabrizia Gallo1, Alberto González-Villar2, Laurent Ott1

  • 1Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000, Lille, France.

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Females showed greater pupil dilation when observing gestures toward the body (TB), while males demonstrated a link between pupil dilation to gestures and empathy. These findings reveal neurobiological gender differences in social gesture perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • Gestures are categorized as intransitive (expressive) or pantomimes (object-related).
  • Gestures directed toward the body (TB) and away from the body (AB) carry distinct meanings.
  • Previous research indicates females possess enhanced social cue processing compared to males.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate physiological gender differences in the observation of AB and TB gestures.
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of gender-based variations in social gesture perception.

Main Methods:

  • Pupil dilation and High Frequency Heart Rate Variability (HF-HRV) were recorded in 54 participants (27 female) observing TB and AB gestures.
  • Social-emotional processes were assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Vicarious Distress Questionnaire (VDQ).

Main Results:

  • Females exhibited significantly greater pupil dilation in response to TB gestures.
  • No significant gender differences were observed in HF-HRV.
  • In males, increased pupil dilation to both TB and AB gestures correlated with higher IRI empathy scores.
  • The VDQ support scale showed a significant correlation with TB gestures in males.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence for neurobiological gender differences in how social gestures are perceived.
  • Findings highlight distinct physiological responses and correlations with empathy measures between genders when observing gestures.