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Characterizing best practices for tonsil-oral-scrubbing (TOSc) collection for PRRSV RNA detection in sows
Peng Li1, Ana Paula Poeta Silva1, Hao Tong1
1Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, USA.
Porcine Health Management
|October 7, 2024
Summary
Optimizing Tonsil-Oral-Scrubbing (TOSc) for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) detection involves collecting samples without snaring sows, when they are lying down, and using a prototype collector for improved RNA detection and efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Swine Disease Diagnostics
- Molecular Epidemiology
Background:
- The Tonsil-Oral-Scrubbing (TOSc) method samples the sow's oropharyngeal and tonsillar area.
- TOSc shows comparable PRRSV RNA detection rates to tonsil scraping.
- This study evaluates factors influencing TOSc collection for PRRSV detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of specific TOSc collection factors on PRRSV RNA detection rates and Ct values.
- To determine optimal conditions for TOSc collection to maximize PRRSV RNA detection and minimize collection time.
Main Methods:
- Three independent studies assessed factors: snared vs. not snared, laying down vs. standing, and TOSc prototype vs. SHAC collector.
- TOSc was collected twice from each sow, once with a baseline factor and once with the alternative.
- Fluid volume and collection time were compared between specific factor groups.
Main Results:
- Not snared TOSc yielded higher PRRSV RNA detection rates and lower Ct values, with increased fluid volume.
- "Laying down" collection reduced collection time by 40% with no significant difference in detection rate.
- The TOSc prototype collector resulted in numerically higher detection rates and significantly lower Ct values compared to SHAC.
Conclusions:
- Best practices for TOSc collection include not snaring sows.
- Collecting samples when sows are lying down is recommended.
- Utilizing a prototype TOSc collector enhances PRRSV RNA detection and collection efficiency.
